A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF ARBOVIRUSES: TRANSMISSION, PATHOGENESIS, AND GLOBAL IMPACT

Through intricate cycles involving the infectious agent, vertebrate hosts, and vectors, arthropod vectors spread a wide variety of viruses collectively referred to as arboviruses. Given the substantial number of infections that affect humans and animals each year, it is essential to comprehend the interaction between biological and environmental factors that underlie arbovirus pathogenesis, disease progression, and transmission. Arthropod vectors and vertebrate hosts are involved in intricate biological transmission cycles that naturally contain arboviruses. These viruses are mainly categorized into families such as Bunyaviridae, Togaviridae (Alphaviruses), and Flaviviridae. Because they can infect humans, mammals, and occasionally plants, these individuals are unique. Due to factors such as increased globalization and environmental changes, arboviruses have reemerged and spread worldwide in recent decades, despite advances in vector management. Millions of infections and significant mortality have been caused by this resurgence, especially in developing nations.