Role of nanoparticles in plant tissue culture

There are many applications of plant tissue culture which is used in the production of somatic embryos, plant regeneration via organogenesis, germplasm conservation, synthetic seeds, protoplast culture for the production of somatic hybrids, anther culture for the production of haploids, synthesis of secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical interest, and plant cells used for the bio-energy. Nanomaterials have emerged as powerful tools in advancing plant tissue culture techniques, offering enhanced capabilities in enhancing growth, inducing secondary metabolite production, and facilitating genetic modifications. Nanoparticles improved micropropagation efficiency by reducing contaminations, improving callus induction and increasing yields of secondary metabolites through cell suspension cultures. Despite their promising benefits, the potential toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) poses significant challenges and requires careful consideration. Due to their small size, detecting and studying their toxicity poses a challenge, and their health effects are not yet fully understood. However, the toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) on in vitro cultures has not been extensively studied by researchers.