Potency chitosan-based microneedle Parem patch with Zingiber zerumbet l. Extract in inhibiting pro-inflammatory (TNF-α and IL-1β) in arthritis

Arthritis is a condition that affects the joints, and it is caused by the production of proinflammatory cytokines and leading to discomfort in patients. According to the latest data from the Centers for Disease Control, in 2021 global incidence of arthritis over the past five years reached over 53.2 million. On the other hand, several studies have found that long-term use of arthritis medications can have side effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of using microneedle parem patch in inhibiting proinflammatory factors, particularly for TNF-α and IL-1β. The experimental study is divided by three group, normal control, negative control, positive control, and microneedle patch. Patch was tested by in vivo in the form of rats injected with MIA (monosodium iodoacetate) and it was found that the microneedle parem patch could inhibit proinflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α and IL-1β) with an inhibition percentage of 30.01% for TNF-α and 70.99% for IL-1β. Therefore, it can be concluded that the microneedle parem patch can inhibit proinflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α and IL-1β) in arthritis.